A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE POVERTY AND FOOD INSECURITY EXPERIENCE BETWEEN FOOD ENTREPRENEURS AND SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN RURAL ZAMBIA
Abstract
The study was carried out to ascertain the poverty and food insecurity experience between food entrepreneurs and smallholder farmers in selected rural communities in Zambia. The study followed a mixed research design in which qualitative and quantitative data were collected through the use of a structured questionnaire. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) was adopted in the design of the data collection questionnaire. Data were collected from 112 smallholder farmers in Chipapa, Shalubala, and Musomali villages and from 120 food entrepreneurs from Chisamba and Chibombo. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics through the use of means and frequencies, Levene’s test, independent samples t-test, factor analysis, as well as arithmetic calculations. The results revealed that both the food entrepreneurs and smallholder farmers live in extreme poverty – US $0.74 per person per day at most. In addition, food access, availability, stability, and utilisation were the main challenges constraining the food intake for both smallholder farmers and food entrepreneurs. Therefore, both smallholder farmers and food entrepreneurs experience food stress equivalent to Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) 2.
Keywords
poverty; food security; entrepreneur; farmer; availability
References
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Kahan, D. (2013). Entrepreneurship in farming. Rome: FAO. retrieved from: https://www.fao.org/3/i3231e/i3231e.pdf
Kankwamba, H., Kornher, L. (2019). Entrepreneurship and household food security in Malawi. Proceedings: 2019 Agriculture and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, USA. 21–23 July.
Khoza, T., Senyolo, G.M., Mmbengwa, M.V., Soundy, P. (2019) Socio-economic factors influencing smallholder farmers’ decision to participate in agro-processing industry in Gauteng province, South Africa. Cogent Social Science, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1664193
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Collins Mudenda
collinsmudenda@ymail.com
University of Zambia Zambia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-5953
University of Zambia Zambia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-5953
Mwape Chileshe
University of Zambia Zambia
University of Zambia Zambia
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