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Chmurzynska A, Muzsik A, Krzyżanowska-Jankowska P, Mądry E, Walkowiak J, Bajerska J.

PPARG and FTO polymorphism can modulate the outcomes of a central European diet and a Mediterranean diet in centrally obese postmenopausal women.

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that polymorphism of genes with the biggest effects on body mass (FTO and PPARG) can affect the results of dieting in centrally obese postmenopausal women. A total of 144 volunteers were randomized to a 16-week intervention with two hypocaloric diets: either a Mediterranean diet (MED) moderate in fat (37% total energy as fat) or the Central European diet (CED) moderate in carbohydrates (55% total energy as carbohydrates). The associations between FTO and PPARG polymorphism on the baseline body mass, body composition, blood pressure, lipid and non-lipid parameters, and their changes after the trial were analyzed. None of the examined baseline outcomes differed in the rs9939609 FTO subgroups; abdominal fat was higher in the minor (G) allele carriers of the PPARG rs1801282. After the intervention, in the CED group, the PPARG G allele carriers showed greater reductions in weight (-6.58 ± 0.61 vs -9.58 ± 0.83; P < .01), lean mass (-0.38 ± 0.29 vs -1.79 ± 0.38; P < .05) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (-0.46 ± 0.77 vs -5.25 ± 1.49; P < .01) than the CC homozygotes, and the TT individuals of the rs9939609 FTO had greater reductions in diastolic blood pressure (-9.03 ± 1.78 vs. -7.58 ± 1.50; P < .05). In the MED group, greater reductions in abdominal fat were observed in the G allele carriers than in the CC homozygotes (-3.31 ± 0.26 vs. -4.23 ± 0.41; P < .05). PPARG and FTO polymorphism may affect the outcomes of the diets aimed at weight reduction in postmenopausal women.

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Radziejewska A, Suliburska J, Kołodziejski P, Chmurzyńska A.

Simultaneous supplementation with iron and folic acid can affect Slc11a2 and Slc46a1 transcription and metabolite concentrations in rats.

This study aimed at analysing how dietary folic acid (FA) and iron deficiency followed by supplementation with these nutrients, affect the expression of folate and iron transporters in the duodenum, as well as FA and iron status. After a deficiency period, Wistar rats were randomized to a group fed with a diet deficient in FA and supplemented with iron (DFE), a diet deficient in iron and supplemented with FA (DFOL), a diet supplemented with iron and FA (FEFOL), a diet deficient in iron and FA (D), or a control diet (C). Tissue collection was performed after 2, 10, or 21 days of these diets. Group D had higher Slc11a2 mRNA levels than the DFE group at every time point and there were differences in mRNA levels of Slc46a1 between the DFE and the FEFOL groups at the third time point, but we observed no differences in protein levels between the groups. The DFE and D groups had lower serum folate concentrations at every time-point, but also had the highest homocysteine concentrations. TIBC concentrations were the lowest in the DFE group at the first time-point and in the DFE and the FEFOL groups at the final time point. Simultaneous supplementation with FA and iron resulted in significantly higher haemoglobin concentrations than did supplementation with these nutrients alone. Our findings indicate that dietary FA and iron deficiency, and subsequent supplementation with these nutrients, affect transcription but not the protein levels of FA and iron transporters in the duodenum.

Br J Nutr. 2019 Oct 28:1-24. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519002721

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Muzsik A, Bajerska J, Jeleń HH, Walkowiak J, Krzyżanowska-Jankowska P, Chmurzynska A.

FADS1 and FADS2 polymorphism are associated with changes in fatty acid concentrations after calorie-restricted Central European and Mediterranean diets.

OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we tested whether calorie-restricted diets differing in their percentage of energy derived from monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates can affect the metabolism of fatty acids (FAs) in postmenopausal women. Moreover, we examined whether polymorphisms of FADS1 and FADS2 are associated with these changes.

METHODS: Postmenopausal women (the mean age: 60.5 ± 5.0 y) were randomized for 16 weeks to two different calorie-restricted diets: a Central European diet (CED) or a Mediterranean diet (MED).

RESULTS: After the intervention, levels of most FAs in red blood cells decreased in both groups. The delta values for the 20:1n-9 and the 20:2n-6 levels differed between the CED and the MED (-1.55 ± 4.02 μg/mL vs 0.39 ± 4.11 μg/mL and -0.62 ± 10.93 μg/mL vs 3.06 ± 8.75 μg/mL; P < 0.05). Women in the CED group with at least one minor allele of FADS genes had greater decreases of α-linolenic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, total n-6, and total PUFA (by approximately 70%, 40%, 35%, and 35%, respectively) than did women with the major alleles. After the intervention, the change in the lipid accumulation product index was -28.28 ± 27.84 and -32.00 ± 78.55 in the CED and the MED group, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The effect of the dietary intervention on FA metabolism seems to depend mostly on calorie restriction, but not on type of diet. FADS1 and FADS2 gene polymorphisms can modify the response to the CED.

Menopause. 2019 Sep 16. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001409

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